Software scans tongue for signs of disease

For 5,000 years, the Chinese have used a system of medicine based on the flow and balance of positive and negative energies in the body. In this system, the appearance of the tongue is one of the measures used to classify the overall physical status of the body, or “zheng”. “Knowing your zheng classification can serve as a pre-screening tool and help with preventive medicine,” says Dong Xu, chair of the computer science department at the University of Missouri. “Our software helps bridge Eastern and Western medicine, since an imbalance in zheng could serve as a warning to go see a doctor. Within a year, our ultimate goal is to create an application for smartphones that will allow anyone to take a photo of their tongue and learn the status of their zheng.” The software analyzes images based on the tongue’s color and coating to distinguish between tongues showing signs of “hot” or “cold”” zheng. Shades of red and yellow are associated with hot zheng, whereas a white coating on the tongue is a sign of cold zheng. “Hot and cold zheng doesn’t refer directly to body temperature,” says Xu. “Rather, it refers to a suite of symptoms associated with the state of the body as a whole.” For example, a person with cold zheng may feel chills and coolness in the limbs and show a pale flushing of face. Their voice may have a high pitch. Other symptoms of cold zheng are clear urine and loose stool. They also may prefer hot foods and drinks and desire warm environments. In Chinese traditional medicine both hot and cold zheng can be symptoms of gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining frequently caused by bacterial infection. For the study, 263 gastritis patients and 48 healthy volunteers had their tongues analyzed. The gastritis patients were classified by whether they showed infection by a certain bacteria, known as Helicobacter pylori, as well as the intensity of their gastritis symptoms. In addition, most of the gastritis patients had been previously classified with either hot or cold zheng. This allowed the researchers to verify the accuracy of the software’s analysis. “Our software was able to classify people based on their zheng status,” says study co-author Ye Duan, associate professor of computer science at MU. “As we continue to work on the software we hope to improve its ability,” Duan says. “Eventually everyone will be able to use this tool at home using webcams or smartphone applications. That will allow them to monitor their zheng and get an early warning about possible ailments.” Doctoral student Ratchadaporn Kanawong is the first author of the study that has been accepted for publication in the journal Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.